Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The n… The legends changed over time, evolving from a man, to a city, to a kingdom, and then finally an empire. The Encomienda system set up by the Spanish was a system that allowed officials to take care of Indians in exchange for labor, but often became enslavement. Simpson specified that the lack of records concerning the actual operation of an encomienda in the early period was a source of uncertainty. On the Spanish side, the institution grew out of the Reconquest tradition. In the coming years, the Pueblo were allowed to resume the practice of their religion, own land, and be free from forced labor. endobj Updates? In order to understand the conquistadors of Spain, we h… endobj The following structural analysis will point out a number of important discontinuities between the encomienda and the hacienda, and at the same time it will suggest that there were some important continuities between the encomienda and the institution known as the corregimiento de indios. Finally, students will engage with personal accounts of those who traveled the Middle Passage and will consider what that horrific voyage may have been like for the millions Subject Test Chinese with Listening Press Enter to activate . This was easier thought than done, as most of the people who were in positions of power were themselves either encomenderos or otherwise profiting from the influx of wealth from the Indies. 2 0 obj Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). What replaced the encomienda system? 843 institutions to strengthen its control over New World assets despite adverse consequences. The encomienda system was in practice from the early 1500s to 1542 in areas throughout Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Back Close. The Spanish conquest of the Americas began towards the end of the 15th century. because at the beginning of the Conquest, most of the rights of administration in the new lands went to the crown. In pursuit of the legend, Spanish conquistadors and numerous others searched Colombia, Venezuela, and parts of Guyana and northern Brazil for the city and its fabulous king. By providing labor, the Indians played an important role in colonial society. By 1480 Antwerp had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. Encomienda System. large manors with Indian slaves working for Spanish in New World. <> Hacienda System. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 18 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> As the 17th century drew to a close, Spanish colonial administrators finally realized that, given their minority status in so many parts of New Spain, policy reform was necessary. In many areas it had been abandoned for other forms of labor. Study Chapter 2 flashcards from Teah Fallon's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. It didn't work out because the Native Americans were not immune to the diseases and because the Native Americans could escape because they knew the land so well. 1 0 obj Pressure among the Spaniards on the scene led to the arrangement; Columbus, while…. The encomienda system in the Spanish North American colonies included doing all of the following EXCEPT. Corrections? Encomienda or Slavery? <>>> %PDF-1.5 Encomienda, in Spain’s American and Philippine colonies, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the indigenous population. The encomienda did not include a grant of land, but in practice the encomenderos gained control of lands inhabited by “Indios” and failed to fulfill their obligations to the indigenous population. The Encomienda system was used by the Spanish to enslave Native Americans. The receiver of the grant, the encomendero, could exact tribute from the “Indios” in gold, in kind, or in labour and was required to protect them and instruct them in the Christian faith. The encomienda had too much power they were finding riches and not giving spain anything. The Spanish crown reluctantly approved the granting of encomiendas because it needed to reward the conquistadors and establish a system of governance in the newly-conquered territories, and the encomiendas were a … Gradually, the system was replaced by African slave labor, like many of the Americas Africans were more immune to European diseases than natives. <> ... -closed off port of Boston-gave royal governor of Mass more power While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. These far northern encomiendas did not survive the 1680 revolt of the Pueblo Indians. The rights of Indians were ignored because of the high demand to continually increase commerce in the area. stream While holders of the encomiendas had promised the Spanish rulers that they would act fairly towards the natives that worked for them, many grant holders abused the natives, often working them to death in the process. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. %���� The demographic distribution reflects a pattern that is influenced by colonial history. With the catastrophic decline in the Indian population and the replacement of mining activities by agriculture in Spanish America, the system lost its effectiveness and was gradually replaced by the hacienda system of landed estates. However, when the encomienda prospered, it was the encomendero who received all of … But as the tumultuous sixteenth century drew to a close, it became increasingly apparent that the Conquest would follow, if in a somewhat mitigated fashion, the furious pattern of its first half century. Select an Answer. Indeed, the baculamento exhibits striking parallels with the encomienda system that illustrate the pan-Atlantic legal pluralism linking Africa and the Americas, covering and distorting indigenous legal systems on both continents. encomienda system began to change. The spanish abolished the encomienda system in the mid 1500s because catholic priests protested against the systems's abuse. Other problems of the encomienda system in Peru occurred due to the breaking up of extended families, or ayllus, which brought an end to their economic system of vertical exchanges. 4 0 obj Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain’s colonies was prohibited. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The encomienda is a labor system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. Period 1 (1491-1607): Key Concepts 1.1 3 terms. Many of the encomenderos were unwilling to comply with the New Laws and soon revolted against Vela. The system was formally abolished in 1720, but had lost effectiveness much earlier. 3 0 obj In fact, a revised form of the repartimiento system was revived after 1550. Just to name a few, there's Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, and the infamous Napoleon. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Learn faster with spaced repetition. With his second voyage of 1493 permanent European occupation of the Caribbean began, with enormous consequences for the peoples and ecology of the region. Las Casas arrived in Spain with the plan of convincing the King to end the encomienda system. Omissions? Despite being used in the Spanish colonies for more than 200 years, the encomienda system was never fully supported by its monarchy. The encomienda was designed to meet the needs of the American colonies’ early mining economy. Select a Subject. What were encomiendas - 3704822 Ask your question. In the Americas, the first encomiendas were handed out by Christopher Columbus and institutionalized by Governor Nicolas de Ovando (1503) in the Caribbean. 7 It will also suggest that one reason for the confused pattern of relationships between the encomienda and … The encomienda system was the earliest introduction of inhumane slavery as historians believed as one of the most damaging institutions that the Spanish colonists implemented in the New World. By helping to establish race and ethnicity as the primary determinants of economic and political power, the encomienda system had long-reaching effects in the history of the Americas. By this time, the once-sprawling Inca Empire was already in its death throes. coercing Native Americans to provide labor. THE PARADOX OF THE ENCOMIENDA When the Spaniards conquered the New World, they resorted to a system of forced labor called the encomienda. The directive marked the end of the encomienda-doctrina as a means of incorporating into Representative government and institutions grew during the colonial period because rulers in England tended to leave the colonists to themselves Answer Business, 22.10.2020 16:01 To begin, the Spanish word conquistadormeans conqueror. An encomienda was an organization in which a Spaniard received a restricted set of property Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain’s colonies was prohibited. It was based upon the practice of exacting tribute from Muslims and Jews during the Reconquista (“Reconquest”) of Muslim Spain. Mestizos could not be forced to work the encomienda system. Select a Question. endobj replaced encomienda system because Indians were dying, replaced with Africans. In certain areas, this quasi-feudal system persisted. The downfall of the encomienda system began when Blasco Núñez Vela, the first viceroy of Peru, tried to enforce the New Laws. Spain got the right by vatican to invade and conquest the New World. x��\�o�F�n��?JE�r��|�����]r(�}�eZ�U�\K�����3�/������%����ٙ�}�S����.޿�������E���I'�fi�D��[�itߞ���]ԟ��>=���R}�9=a�$b+Ҙ�̲8K��q���h�F+�U�_?���2��.ši�( �x9_d���Fb���e�uN�4K��}������߾ %WVd1���)�\YY�i�#��O��tv�!�X��q�����]~��"kQ�#E�|"ou������E\MDQOX\O=?��6鼈�e�|ꎶ��uw�o��_n7]�_7ѧ/�}�����v��>�5}��������6�n�G���c��. Not only this impaired the encomienda system… As legally defined in 1503, an encomienda (from Spanish encomendar, “to entrust”) consisted of a grant by the crown to a conquistador, a soldier, an official, or others of a specified number of “Indios” (Native Americans and, later, Filipinos) living in a particular area. However, it was only in 1572 that the Spanish were able to defeat the Incas decisively, and claim the riches of the New World for themselves. 1B-7 Focus Lesson - The Encomienda System EQ: How did the Encomienda System affect Spanish colonization of the New World? The encomienda system. History has given us several characters whose names are synonymous with power, military conquest, and even brutality. In 1573 Philip II of Spain issued a long directive on conquests and settlements that forbade the extension of the encomienda system beyond the territory in which it was then established. In … By 1503, the Spanish Crown legalized the distribution of Indians to work the mines as part of the encomienda system. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/encomienda. Explanation: The encomienda was a system to gain territories in Spanish America during the 16th and 17th centuries. With the catastrophic decline in the Indian population and the replacement of mining activities by agriculture in Spanish America, the system lost its effectiveness and was gradually replaced by the hacienda system of landed estates. Only wealthy, Spanish men could use this system. Although the original intent of the encomienda was to reduce the abuses of forced labour (repartimiento) employed shortly after Europeans’ 15th-century discovery of the New World, in practice it became a form of enslavement. The crown’s attempts to end the severe abuses of the system with the Laws of Burgos (1512–13) and the New Law of the Indies (1542) failed in the face of colonial opposition. tracywisniewski Correct Answer: No. A Troublesome System . students will consider how the encomienda system, a system whereby conquerors were granted the labor of Native Americans, was used as another method of enslavement. Jamestown Colony, 1607. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the northern Caribbean with three Spanish ships in October 1492 marked the beginning of continuing European contact with the Americas. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …to be known as the encomienda, a governmental grant of an indigenous sociopolitical unit to an individual Spaniard for him to use in various ways. Today's lesson, although about a group of people, introduces us to another example, the Spanish conquistador.